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Rewriting Adjectival Clauses as Main Clauses and Main as Adjectival
From Old-time Stories, Fairy Tales and Myths Retold by Children
By E. Louise Smythe
Analysis Key

A. Rewriting Adjectival Clauses as Main Clauses

Directions: Rewrite each sentence by changing an adjectival subordinate clause into a main clause. (You can do this by creating two main clauses or by creating compound finite verbs in one main clause.)

I have not included all the possible options for every sentence. For example, separate sentences can always be written as compound main clauses, and the average length per main clause will be almost, if not, identical.
1. The glass leaves, [Adj. to "leaves" which all fell {from the tree}], were broken (P). | [11 w/mc; focus is on "were broken" with a logical connection of identify (punctuated as non-restrictive)]
Separate Sentences: The glass leaves all fell from the tree. | They were broken. | [5.5 w/mc]
Compound Main Clauses: The glass leaves all fell from the tree, | and they were broken. | [6 w/mc]
Compound Verbs: The glass leaves all fell from the tree and were broken. | [11 w/mc]
2. She stepped {into her carriage}, [Adj. to "carriage" which was pulled (P) {by flying snakes}]. | [11 w/mc; focus is on "stepped" with a logical connection of identify (non-restrictive)]
Separate Sentences: She stepped into her carriage. | It was pulled by flying snakes. | [5.5 w/mc]
3. But the people [Adj. to "people" who saw it (DO) ] were afraid (PA). | [8 w/mc; focus is on "were afraid" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive)]
Separate Sentences: But the people saw it. | And they were afraid. | [4.5 w/mc]
Compound Verbs: But the people saw it and were afraid. | [8 w/mc]
4. The next day [NuA], the cat, [Adj. to "cat" who saw the duckling (DO),] began to growl [#1] . | [12 w/mc; focus is on "began to growl" with a logical connection of identify (non-restrictive -- which means that readers already know what cat is meant)]
 
Compound Main Clauses: The next day, the cat saw the duckling, | and she began to growl. | [6.5 w/mc]
Compound Verbs: The next day, the cat saw the duckling and began to growl. | [12 w/mc]
5. The man [Adj. to "man" who shall come {to your house} {with one shoe}], will be king (PN). | [14 w/mc; focus is on "will be king" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive -- which means that only that man will be king)] Note the comma after "shoe." Because the clause is restrictive, it becomes simply a comma that separates a subject from its verb. Generally, this is a "no-no," but Smythe probably included the comma to make sure that readers do not trip over "house" or "shoe" as possible subjects of "will be."
Separate Sentences: A man shall come to your house with one shoe. | He will be king. | [7 w/mc]
B. Rewriting Main Clauses as Adjectival

Directions: Rewrite each sentence by changing a main clause into an adjectival subordinate clause.

Some grammarians consider the restrictive and non-restrictive distinctions as very important, but as you study clauses in real texts, you may conclude that in many cases the distinction is not of concern to the writers of the texts. Some writers simply like to use commas, and others do not.
1. The men went {on the Argo}. | They were called (P) Argonauts [#2]. | [5 w/mc]
The men [who went on the Argo] were called Argonauts. | [10 w/mc; focus is on "were called" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive -- which means that only these men should be called Argonauts)] 

The men [who were called Argonauts] went on the Argo. | [10 w/mc; focus is on "went" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive -- which means that the "men who went" is restricted to those called Argonauts.)] 

2. Thrym was the giant (PN). | He took the hammer (DO). | [4 w/mc]
Thrym was the giant [who took the hammer]. | [8 w/mc; focus is on "was the giant" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive -- which means that the other giants didn't)] 

Thrym, [who was a giant], took the hammer]. | [8 w/mc; focus is on "took the hammer" with a logical connection of identify (non restrictive -- which means that his being a giant is simply additional information)] 

3. The little birds {in the bushes} were afraid (PA) and flew away. | [11 w/mc]
The little birds in the bushes, [who were afraid], flew away. | [11 w/mc; focus is on "flew away" with a logical connection of identify (non restrictive -- which implies that their being afraid is simply additional information. But isn't there an implied cause/effect  relationship here, even though this is not an adverbial clause?)] 

The little birds in the bushes, [who flew away], were afraid. | [11 w/mc; focus is on "were afraid" with a logical connection of identify (non restrictive -- which implies that their flying away is simply additional information. If the commas were deleted to make the clause restrictive, it might imply that there were other birds in the bushes that were not afraid)] 

4. They made a big ship (DO). | They named it "Argo." [#3] | [4.5 w/mc]
They made a big ship [which they named "Argo."] | [9 w/mc; focus is on "made" with a logical connection of identify (restrictive -- which implies that they may have made other ships. Note a a comma after "ship" would make the clause non-restrictive -- simply additional information.)] 
5. The goat was hungry (PA) | and he ate all the leaves (DO). | [5 w/mc]
The goat, [who was hungry], ate all the leaves. | [9 w/mc; focus is on "ate" with a logical connection of identify (non-restrictive -- which implies that readers already know which goat is meant.)]

The goat, [who ate all the leaves], was hungry. | [9 w/mc; focus is on "was hungry" with a logical connection of identify (non-restrictive -- which implies that readers already know which goat is meant. Unlike the first option, this one may imply that the goat was still hungry after he all all the leaves.)]

Either of these two options could be made restrictive by eliminating the commas. Doing so would single this goat out from others.

Notes
1. The verbal (infinitive) "to growl" functions as the direct object of "began."
2. "Argonauts" is a retained predicate noun after the passive voice "were called." See KISS Level 5.7 - Passive Voice and Retained Complements.
3. "It" is the subject and "Argo" is a retained predicate noun to an ellipsed infinitive -- "it *to be* 'Argo'." The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of "named." See "Ellipsed Infinitives" in KISS Level Four. (At this KISS Level, I would simply accept either "it" or "it 'Argo'" as the direct object of "named.")