The Printable KISS Grammar Workbooks To Charles Dickens Page
(Code and Color Key)

Apostrophes in Contractions
from Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
Analysis Key

1. Why [Inj], it's {on the tip} {of your tongue}. |  It ought to be, | it must

     be, | I'll swear [DO it's there]. |

__________it is_________I will________it is______________
2. "Ten {o'clock}, sir [DirA]," (DO) said the man {at the tavern}, [Adj. to "man" 

     whom [#1] he had charged to wake him  [#1] ]--"ten o'clock, sir." [#2]  |

___________of the_____________of the ________________
3. Couldn't you tell her (IO) [DO what [#3] you had to tell her (IO) ]

     {without frightening her [#4] } {to death}? |

__________Could you not____________________________
4. I don't suppose anything (DO) {about it} [#5] {but [OP what [#3] 

     Ladybird tells me (IO) ] } . |

_______do not_____________________________________
5. You've been {at Doctor Manette's house} as much [Adv. (comparison) to

      "as" as I have], or more [Adv. (comparison) to "more" than I have]. |

____You have___________the house of Doctor Manette_____
6. [Adv. (condition) to "ask" If you doubt it (DO)], *you* ask Stryver

     (IO), | and he'll tell you (IO) so (DO) [#6] . |

_______________he will _____________________________
7. I don't want dozens (DO) [#7] {of people} [Adj. to "people" who are not {at 

      all} worthy (PA) {of Ladybird}], to come [#7] here looking [#8] {after her}. |

__________do not___________________________________
8. Well [Inj], I don't know all (DO) [Adj. to "all" I mean], [Adv. (cause)

      to "n't" for [#9] I can't call {to mind} [DO what (PN) your name was

     {over the water}]]. |

__________do not________________can not_____________
9. Such a present {of plate} [Adv. (comparison) to "Such" as you have made 

     'em (IO) ], is enough (PN) to bring tears [#10] {into anybody's eyes}. |

__________them________________the eyes of anybody______
10. I don't care {about fortune}: |  she is a charming creature (PN), | and 

     I have made up my mind (DO) to please myself [#11] : |  {on the

      whole}, I think [DO I can afford to please myself [#12] ]. |

_____do not_______________________________________

Notes
1. This "whom" functions simultaneously as a subordinating conjunction and as the subject of the infinitive "to wake" -- he charged whom to wake him. The "him" is the direct object of the infinitive and the infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of "charged." For more on this, see "Infinitives" in KISS Level 4 - Verbals.
2. This "ten o'clock, sir" simply repeats the first one so it functions as an appositive to the first. See KISS Level 5.4 - Appositives.
3. This "what" functions as both the subordinating conjunction and the direct object of "had to tell."
4. "Her" is the direct object of the verbal (gerund) "frightening." The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition "without."
5. Some people will chunk this "about it" to "suppose" as an adverb, and others will see it as an adjective to "anything.'" In KISS, either explanation is acceptable.
6. "So" here can be explained either as a pronoun that functions as a direct object, or as an adverb that suggests how he would "tell.'
7. Before they get to Level 4 and the study of verbals, I would simple expect (and accept)  most students to label "dozens" as the direct object and to ignore "to come." When they get to Level 4, "dozens" becomes the subject of the infinitive "to come," and the infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of "don't want." (It is not that he does not want "dozens." What he doesn't want is for them to come.)
8. "Looking" can be explained as a gerundive (verbal adjective) that modifies "people," or as a gerund that functions as a Noun Used as an Adverb to modify "to come."
9. If you think "for" should be a coordinating conjunction, see KISS Level 3.2.2 - "So" and "For" as Conjunctions.
10. "Tears" is the direct object of the verbal (infinitive) "to bring." The infinitive phrase functions as an adjective to "enough."
11. "Myself" is the direct object of the verbal (infinitive) "to please." The infinitive phrase functions as an adverb of manner to "have made up."
12. "Myself" is the direct object of the verbal (infinitive) "to please." This infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of "can afford."