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That Pesky "To"
From Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
Analysis Key

1. "Her husband's destiny," [ [#1] said Madame Defarge], "will lead him 

     (DO) {to the end} [Adj. to "end" that is to end him [#2] ]. |

2. Mr. Stryver  resolved to make her happiness known [#3] {to her} [Adv.

     to "to make" before he left town (DO) {for the Long Vacation} ]. |

3. I had looked {to them}, to see [#4] [DO of "to see" that they were

     not painful (PA) ]. |

4. I will go {to others} [Adj. to "others" whom it is better (PA) not 

     to name [#5] ]. |

5. Mr. Lorry took the hesitating little hand (DO) [Adj. to "hand" that confidingly 

     advanced to take his [#6] ], | and he put it (DO) {with some ceremony} 

      {to his lips}. |

6. He trotted back {with the message} [Adj. to "message" he was to deliver [#7]

     {to the night watchman} {in his box} {at the door} {of Tellson's Bank}, {by Temple

      Bar}, [Adj. to "watchman" who was to deliver [#7] it (DO) {to greater

      authorities}  {within *the bank*} ]]. |

7. *You* Promise me (IO) solemnly [DO that nothing will influence 

     you to alter the course [#8] [Adj. to "course" {on which} we now stand

     pledged [#9] {to one another}]]. |

8. I feel [DO that it is a pleasant thing (PN) {for a man} to have a 

     home [#10] [Adv. (time) to "to have" when he feels inclined to go [#11] {to it}]]. |

9. She curtseyed {to him} [ [#12] (young ladies made curtseys (DO) {in

     those days}) ], {with a pretty desire} to convey [#13] {to him} [DO that she 

     felt [DO how much older (PA) and wiser (PA) he was [Adv. (comparison)

      to "much" than she *was* ]]]. |

10. I entreat you to observe [#14] [DO that I have come here voluntarily, 

     {in response} {to that written appeal} {of a fellow-countryman} [Adj. to "appeal"

     which lies {before you}]]. |

Notes
1. The preferred explanation of clauses such as this "said Madame Defarge" is to consider them interjections. See KISS Level 3.2.3 - Interjection? Or Direct Object?
2. "Him" is the direct object of "to end," but there are different ways to explain "to end." One is to consider it part of an ellipsed finite verb -- "that is *going* to end him." Another is to view "to end" as an infinitive that functions as a predicate adjective after "is." For more on this, see "Ex. 8, 'To be to' -  Ellipsed Passive plus an Infinitive?" in Level 5.7 - Passive Voice and Retained Complements.
3. "Known" functions as a verbal (gerundive) that modifies "happiness." Most grammarians would probably consider "happiness" to be the direct object of the infinitive "to make," and this is an acceptable explanation in KISS. However, when they get to KISS Level 5.8 - Noun Absolutes, most students will probably prefer to see "happiness known" as a noun absolute that functions as the direct object. (Mr. Stryver did not resolve to make her happiness; he resolved to make her happiness known.) The infinitive "to make" phrase functions as the direct object of "resolved."
4. The infinitive "to see" functions as an adverb of purpose to "had looked."
5. The infinitive "to name" can be explained as an adverb to "better," but it is also related to the delayed subject construction, as in "To not name them is better." See KISS Level 5.6 - Delayed Subjects and Sentences.
6. "His" functions as the direct object of the infinitive "to take." The infinitive phrase functions as an adverb of purpose to "advanced."
7. See Note # 2; The only difference here would be the ellipsed words, in this case, "he was *supposed* to deliver.
8. "You" is the subject of, and "course" is the direct object of, the infinitive "to alter." The infinitive phrase is the direct object of "will influence."
9. The easiest way to explain "stand pledged" in KISS is to consider it a palimpsest pattern with "stand" written over "are." See KISS Level 2.1.4 - Palimpsest Patterns.
10. "Home" is the direct object of the infinitive "to have." The infinitive functions as a Delayed Subject -- "To have a home is a pleasant thing. . . ." See KISS Level 5.6 - Delayed Subjects and Sentences.
11. The infinitive "to go" functions as an adverb of manner to "inclined." "Inclined" can be explained as a gerundive (verbal adjective) that functions as a predicate adjective after "feels."
12. This clause functions as an interjection. See KISS Level 3.2.3 - Interjection? Or Direct Object?
13. The infinitive "to convey" functions as an adjective to "desire."
14. "You" is the indirect object of "entreat" and the subject of the infinitive "to observe." The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of "entreat."