Notes for
Advanced Appositives
(from Mr. Fortune's Maggot by Sylvia Townsend Warner)
Lest the title turn one's stomach, perhaps
I should note that on the title page of the novella, "maggot" is defined
as "A nonsensical or perverse fancy; a crotchet." I found this story about
a missionary's loss of faith in The Woollcott Reader: Bypaths in the
Realms of Gold, edited by Alexander Wollcott (New York, The Viking
Press, 1935, pp. 329-462). I had thought that the text is now in the public
domain, but apparently it is not. As I write this, it is available at Amazon.com.
It provides some excellent examples of appositives, but the short passages
selected for exercises also include a wide range of other constructions
which makes them excellent texts for review exercises for eleventh graders.
Each exercise includes at least one appositive.
Not all the appositives are "advanced," but many of them are. (For the
meaning of "advanced" here, see "More
about Appositives.")
In practice, these sentences should provide
at least two or three weeks worth of work, perhaps more. Home schoolers
might want to analyze one sentence a day; classroom teachers might split
the twelve sentences into two groups of six, thereby creating the "grammar"
assignments for two weeks (or more) of the semester. I would not collect
and grade all of these; instead I would assign and review five of them
in class, perhaps one sentence per class period. Then I would use the sixth
sentence in the group as a quiz. [Note that I am assuming here that the
students have been using the KISS Approach for several years, and are thus
able to identify S/V/C patterns, clauses, and verbals with little if any
trouble.]
Another way to use them would be to select
an exercise and have the students, for one day's work, do the sentence-combining
version. If possible, have at least three or four students put their versions
on the board (or on overhead transparencies) and discuss them, noting in
particular how the various versions reflect differences in style. Then
show the students Warner's original sentence and have students analyze
it for a later class. Using an overhead of Warner's version, have the students,
as a group, review this analysis assignment in class. Then, for still another
assignment, have the students write a sentence by using the structure of
Warner's sentence as a syntactic model.
Exercise #1 is an
example of appositives that consist of the same word ("idols") as that
to which they stand in apposition ("idols"). It also has some interesting
gerundives and noun absolutes.
Exercise # 2 is
short and sweet, with one simple appositive that is itself modified by
a gerundive.
Exercise # 3 is
much longer and more complex. It may be difficult to understand outside
the context of the novel. Within that context, however, the numerous appositives
are very clear because they form a list of Mr. Fortune's previous failures.
If students can make sense of these appositives without reading the novella,
this selection makes an excellent review exercise for eleventh graders.
In addition to the numerous appositives, there are a noun used as an adverb,
noun absolutes, passive voice, gerundives, post-positioned adjectives,
an almost totally ellipsed clause, and a clause that functions as a delayed
subject. It is also neat because it has appositives to appositives.
Exercise # 4 begins
with a relatively rare construction -- an appositive that precedes the
word to which it stands in apposition. And that appositive is itself modified
by three gerundive phrases, one of which includes two post-positioned adjectives.
Exercise # 5 has
a somewhat challenging appositive in the word "advance," which stands in
apposition to "oncoming." Unlike most of the other exercises in this set,
it consists of three clauses, and it also has a gerundive, an infinitive
construction, and a post-positioned adjective.
In Exercise # 6,
the two appositives are rather simple, but the clause structure is very
complicated.
Exercise # 7 has
four appositives, one of which is an appositive within an appositive phrase.
Gerundives and post-positioned adjectives add to the complexity of this
single-clause sentence.
Exercise # 8 illustrates
a mixed-construction appositive, with the noun "pleasure" standing in apposition
to the verbal "pleased." A gerundive and the third-level embedding of a
subordinate clause add to the interest of this sentence.
Exercise # 9 illustrates
prepositional phrases used as appositives. It also raises interesting questions
about clause boundaries.
Exercise # 10 suggests
how finite verbs might also be considered to be functioning as appositives.
Exercise # 11 is
very complex. Among other things, it includes a noun fragment that can
be explained as an appositive to a finite verb in the preceding paragraph.
Several noun absolutes add to the complexity.
Like exercise 11, Exercise
# 12 raises interesting questions about clause boundaries -- is "surface,"
for example, an appositive to "rock" or to "slab"? The answer to that question
affects the explanation of where clauses end.
This border is a reproduction
of
El Greco's
(Domenikos Theotopoulos, 1541-1614)
St. John the Evangelist
1594-1604, Oil on canvas, Museo
del Prado, Madrid
Web Gallery of Art http://sunserv.kfki.hu/~arthp/index_o.html
[for educational use only]
Click
here for the directory of my backgrounds based on art.
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