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More Level 3 Exercises

The Opening Paragraphs of
Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
Answer Key for Level 3
     Subordinate clauses are in brackets [ ]. / represents the vertical line at the end of a main clause.  The font size of words aleady analyzed has been decreased. The color codes for adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases have been deleted because too many colors seemed distracting. Words which remain to be analyzed are still in 14-point black

Spaces Missing between Words? (Click here for an explanation.)

 

    It was the best {of times}, / it was the worst (of times},

it was the age {of wisdom}, / it was the age {of foolishness},

it was the epoch {of belief}, / it was the epoch {of incredulity}, /

it was the season {of Light}, / it was the season {of Darkness}, /

it was the spring {of hope}, / it was the winter {of despair}, /

we had everything {before us}, / we had nothing {before us}, /

we were all going direct {to Heaven}, / we were all going

direct the other way  / -- the period was so far {like the 

present period}, [Adverbial to "so" that some {of its noisiest 

authorities} insisted {on its being received}, {for good} or {for evil}

{in the superlative degree} {of comparison} only.] /

      There were a king {with a large jaw} and a queen {with a 

plain face}, {on the throne} {of England}; /Note #1 there were a king

{with a large jaw}and a queen {with a fair face}, {on the throne}

{of  France}. / {In both countries} it was clearer {than crystal}Note #2

{to the lords} {of the State preserves} {of loaves and fishes}, [Note #3

that things {in general} were settled {for ever}.] /

     It was the year {of Our Lord} one thousand seven hundred

and seventy-five. / Spiritual revelations were conceded {to 

England} {at that favoured period}, [Adverbial to "were conceded"

asNote #4 {at this}]. / Mrs. Southcott had recently attained her 

five-and-twentieth blessed birthday, [Adjectival to "Southcott"?Note #5

{of whom} a prophetic private {in the Life Guards} had heralded

the sublime appearance {by announcing} [DO of "announcing" 

that arrangements were made {for the swallowing up} {of 

London and Westminster}.]] /  Even the Cock-lane ghost had 

been laid only a round dozen {of years}, {after rapping out its

messages}, [Adverbial to "rapping" as the spirits {of this very year}

last past (supernaturally deficient {in originality}) rapped out

theirs.] / Mere messages {in the earthly order} {of events} had

lately come {to the English Crown and People}, {from a congress}

{of British subjects} {in America}: /Note #6 which, strange to 

relate, have proved more important {to the human race}

{thanNote #7 any communications} yet received {through any} {of the 

chickens} {of the Cock-lane brood}. /
 

Project Gutenberg
2city11.zip

Notes:

1. Note the use of the semicolon to establish contrast between the mian clauses.

2. You could analyze this as a clause: "than crystal *is clear* ..." In either case, "to the lords" still goes to "clearer."

3. Although you were expected to identify this as a subordinate clause, you were expected to miss its function (which will be discussed in Level Five).

4. The subject and verb are ellipsed -- "as *they are* at this." If you are just beginning your work with clauses, you would be expected to miss this clause, but if if are more advanced -- and the basic stuff is coming automatically, you should have noted this "as," and wondered what to do with it. Your easiest option is to explain it is through ellipsis and a subordinate clause.

5. The clause immediately follows and seems to make more sense referring to "birthday," but "whom" (as opposed to "which") generally refers to people (as opposed to things -- such as birthdays). An understanding of who Mrs. Southcott was might help, but I find the clause confusing. Does "sublime appearance" refer to the birthday? Or to Mrs. Southcott herself  (who might have sublimely appeared on the social scene)?

6. I counted this as a main clause break because of the colon, but you could just as justifiably consider it as a subordinate adjectival clause to "messages." Perhaps because of the ambiguity of "whom" (See Note #5), I had to read the sentence at least twice to determine what the "which" refers to. That is does in fact refer to "messages" is confirmed by the "than any communications." I doubt, by the way, that you will find cases such as this explained in any school grammar textbook.

7. You can, if you wish, explain this as an adverbial clause to "more." The ellipsis involved would be "than any communications *are important*."  The clause begins with "than" and ends with "brood."
 
 

Progress
Total Words = 334 Words %
L1: In Prep Phrases  173  52
L1: + Adj & Adverbs 54 68
+ L2: S / V / C 93 96
+ L3: Clauses 4 97
Some Basic Statistics on Style
# of Sentences: 21 Words per: 15.9
# of Main Clauses: 24 Words per 13.9
# of Sub Clauses: 5 SC / MC .21

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