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More Level 3 Exercises

The Opening Paragraphs of Chapter One of
Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter
Answer Key for Level 3
     Subordinate clauses are in brackets [ ]. / represents the vertical line at the end of a main clause.  The font size of words aleady analyzed has been decreased. The color codes for adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases have been deleted because too many colors seemed distracting. Words which remain to be analyzed are still in 14-point black

Spaces Missing between Words? (Click here for an explanation.)

 

     A throng {of bearded men}, {in sad-coloured garments

and grey steeple-crowned hats}, inter-mixed {with women},

some wearing hoods, and others bareheaded, was assembled

{in front} {of a wooden edifice}, [Adjectival to "edifice" the door {of 

which} was heavily timbered {with oak}, and studded {with iron 

spikes}.] / 

     The founders {of a new colony}, [Adverbial (condition) to "have 

recognized" whatever Utopia {of human virtue and happiness} 

they might originally project,] have invariably recognised it 

{among their earliest practical necessities} to allot a portion {of the 

virgin soil} {as a cemetery}, and another portion {as the site} {of a 

prison}. {In accordance} {with this rule} it may safely be 

assumed [Note #1 that the forefathers {of Boston} had built

the first prison-house somewhere {in the Vicinity} {of Cornhill},

almost as seasonably [Adverbial to previous "as"Note # 2 as they

marked out the first burial-ground, {on Isaac Johnson's lot}, and

{round about his grave}, [Adjectival to "lot" and "grave" which

subsequently  became the nucleus {of all the congregated sepulchres}

{in the old churchyard} {of King's Chapel}.]]] / Certain it is

[Note #3 that, some fifteen or twenty years {after the settlement} {of 

the town}, the wooden jail was already marked {with weather-stains

and other indications} {of age}, [Adjectival to "weather-stains" and 

"indications" which gave a yet darker aspect {to its beetle-browed

and gloomy front}.]] /  The rust {on the ponderous iron-work} {of 

its oaken door} looked more antique {thanNote #4 anything else} 

{in the New World}. / {Like all} [Adjectival to "all" that pertains 

{to crime},] it seemed never to have known a youthful era. /

{Before this ugly edifice}, and {between it and the wheel-track} 

{of the street}, was a grass-plot, much overgrown {with 

burdock, pig-weed, apple-pern, and such unsightly vegetation}

[Adjectival to "burdock," "pig-weed," "apple-pern," and "vegetation"

which evidently found something congenial {in the soil}

[Adjectival to "soil" that had so early borne the black flower

{of civilised society}, a prison.]] / ButNote {on one side} {of the 

portal}, and rooted almost {at the threshold}, was a wild

rose-hush, covered, {in this month} {of June}, {with its delicate 

gems}, [Adjectival to "gems" which might be imagined to 

offer their fragrance and fragile beauty {to the prisoner}

[Adverbial to "offer" as he went in,] and {to the condemned 

criminal}[Adverbial to "offer"  as he came forth {to his doom},]

{in token}Note #5 [Adjectival to "token"  that the deep

heart {of Nature} could pity and be kind {to him}.]] / 
 

Project Gutenberg
scarlt12.zip

Notes:

1. Ideally, you identified this as a subordinate clause, but you were not expected to get its function, which will be explained in Level Five.

2. The second "as" chunks to the first," which modifies "seasonably," which modifies "had built."

3. Here again, ideally you identified the subordinate clause but had trouble with its function -- which is identical to that discussed in Note #1.

4. You can also explain this as an adverbial clause that modifies "more" -- "than anything else in the New World *looks antique.*"

5. The prepositional phrase "in token" is not part of the preceding "as" clause because it chunks to "to offer," indicating the purpose of the offering.
 
 

Progress
Total Words = 345 Words %
L1: In Prep Phrases  185  54
L1: + Adj & Adverbs 53 69
+ L2: S / V / C 75 91
+ L3: Clauses 6 92
Some Basic Statistics on Style
# of Sentences: 8 Words per: 43.1
# of Main Clauses: 8 Words per 43.1
# of Sub Clauses: 7 SC / MC .88

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