Dr. Vavra's Main Menu

The KISS Curriculum

Dr. Vavra's 
Free, On-Line
Grammar Course
Free Course Menu

More Level 5 Exercises

The Opening Paragraphs of 
Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities
Answer Key for Level 5
     Words that remained  to be explained (and some for which a better explanation can now be provided) are in 18-point bold black, with their functions indicated after them. The font size of words aleady analyzed has been decreased. 

Spaces Missing between Words? (Click here for an explanation.)

 

    It was the best {of times}, it was the worst (of times},

it was the age {of wisdom}, / it was the age {of foolishness},

it was the epoch {of belief}, / it was the epoch {of incredulity}, /

it was the season {of Light}, / it was the season {of Darkness}, /

it was the spring {of hope}, / it was the winter {of despair}, /

we had everything {before us}, / we had nothing {before us}, /

we were all going direct {to Heaven}, / we were all going

direct the other way (NuA)  / -- the period was so far {like the 

present period}, [that some {of its noisiest authorities} insisted

{on its being received}, {for good} or {for evil}, {in the superlative 

degree} {of comparison} only.] /

      There were a king {with a large jaw} and a queen {with a 

plain face}, {on the throne} {of England}; / there were a king

{with a large jaw}and a queen {with a fair face}, {on the throne}

{of France}. / {In both countries} it was clearer {than crystal}

{to the lords} {of the State preserves} {of loaves and fishes}, [that

 Note #1 things{in general} were settled {for ever}.] /

     It was the year {of Our Lord} one thousand seven 

hundred and seventy-five (Appositive to "year").

Spiritual revelations were conceded {to England} {at that favoured 

period}, [as {at this}]./ Mrs. Southcott had recently attained her 

five-and-twentieth blessed birthday, [{of whom}a prophetic private

{in the Life Guards} had heralded the sublime appearance {by 

announcing} [that arrangements were made {for the swallowing up}

{of London and Westminster}.]] / Even the Cock-lane ghost had 

been laid only a round dozen (NuA) {of years}, {after rapping

out its messages}, [as the spirits {of this very year} last past

(supernaturally deficient (Post-positioned adjective to 

"spirits") {in originality}) rapped out theirs.] / Mere messages{in the 

earthly order} {of events} had lately come {to the English Crown and 

People}, {from a congress} {of British subjects} {in America}: / which,

strange to relateNote #2, have proved more important {to 

the human race} {than any communications} yet received {through any}

{of the chickens} {of the Cock-lane brood}./
 

Project Gutenberg
2city11.zip

Note

1. The clause functions as a delayed subject -- "[That ...] was clearer than crystal."

2. Little words and common phrases often cause the most difficulty in explanation. My preferred explanation for this phrase is to consider "strange" as an adjective functioning as an interjection with "to relate" as an infinitive functioning as an adverb modifying "strange." Some students may want to see "strange" as a post-positioned adjective to "which," (which refers to "messages." Still other students may want to explain it through ellipsis -- "*it is* strange to relate." In this case, the clause would function as an interjection, and "to relate" would be an infinitive functioning as a delayed subject. 
     In a classroom situation, I would handle this differently, depending on the experience of the class. If we were just beginning Level Five, I would try to elicit explanations that would satisty as many members of the class as possible, as quickly as possible, and then move on. If the class were more experienced, I might spend more time eliciting various explanations. 
 
 

Progress
Total Words = 334 Words %
L1: In Prep Phrases  173  52
L1: + Adj & Adverbs 54 68
+ L2: S / V / C 93 96
+ L3: Clauses 4 97
+ L4: Verbals 4 98
+ Eight Other 6 100

Return to the Level Five Menu