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More Level 3 Exercises

The Opening Paragraphs of
Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer
Answer Key for Level 3
     Subordinate clauses are in brackets [ ]. / represents the vertical line at the end of a main clause.  The font size of words aleady analyzed has been decreased. The color codes for adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases have been deleted because too many colors seemed distracting. Words which remain to be analyzed are still in 14-point black

Spaces Missing between Words? (Click here for an explanation.)

 

     "TOM!" /

     *There was* No answer. /

     "TOM!" /

     *There was* No answer. /

     [DO of "wonder" "What's gone {with that boy},] I wonder? /

You TOM!" /

     *There was* No answer. /

     The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked

{over them}{about the room}; / then she put them up and

looked out {under them}. / She seldom or never looked

{THROUGH them} {for so small a thing} {as a boy}; / they were

her state pair, the pride {of  her heart}, and were built

{for "style," not service}  / -- she could have seen {through

a pair} {of stove-lids} just as well. / She looked perplexed

{for a moment}, and then saidNote #1, not fiercely, but still loud 

enough {for the furniture}to hear:  / 

     "Well, I layNote #2 [DO of "lay" [Adverbial to "will" (in "I'll") if

I get hold {of you}] I'll--"] / 

     She did not finish, [Adverbial to "not" for {by this time} she

was bending down and punching {under the bed} {with the 

broom}], and [Adverbial to "not" so she needed breath to

punctuate the punches with.] / Note #4

She resurrected nothing {but the cat}. / 

     "I never did see the beat {of that boy}!" / 

     She went {to the open door} and stood {in it} and looked

out {among the tomato vines and "jimpson" weeds} [Adjectival  to

"vines" and "weeds"" that constituted the garden.] / *There was*

No Tom. / 

SoNote #5 she lifted up her voice {at an angle} calculated 

{for distance} and shoutedNote #6:

     "Y-o-u-u TOM!" /

     There was a slight noise {behind her} / and she

turned just {in time} to seize a small boy {by the slack} {of his 

roundabout} and arrest his flight. /

     "There! /Note #7 I might 'a' thought {of that closet}.

What you been doing {in there}?"

     *I have been doing* "Nothing." 

     "Nothing! Look {at your hands}. /  And look {at your 

mouth}.

What IS that truck?"

     "I don't know, aunt."

     "Well, I know. / It's jam (PN)  / -- that's [PN to "that is"

what it is.] / Forty times I've said [DO of "said" [Adverbial to 

*woul*d skin"  if you didn't let that jam alone] I'd skin you.] /

Hand me that switch." /

     The switch hovered {in the air} / -- the peril was

desperate --  /

     "My! /Note #8 Look {behind you}, aunt!" /
 

Project Gutenberg
sawyr10.zip

Notes:

1. The direct object of "said" is the sentence in the next paragraph, which I have counted as a main clause because of the colon and paragraph break. 

2. You could consider "I lay" as an interjection and the "I'll" as the main S/V.

3. The "for" clause goes to "not" because it explains why she did NOT finish. The "not," of course, chunks to -- and negates -- the "did finish."

4. If we are looking at meaning, as we should be, the "and" joins two subordinate clauses. I am assuming that, with the "and" in front of it, "so" will be processed as meaning "as a result," a prepositional phrase, and not as a subordinating conjunction. Note the logical cause/effect chain that is established here:

1. She did not finish.
2. She was bending and punching ...
3. She needed breath ...
Sentence two is the cause of three, which is the cause of one.

5. Although at Level OneAA, this "so" was counted as an adverb, note that you can also explain  it as a coordinating conjunction.

6. If you want to consider the colon and paragraph break as justifying a main clause break here, you can. I didn't because I consider the two words in the next paragraph as easily chunked to "shouted." I doubt, by the way, that you will find this "problem" discussed in any grammar book. (If you find one, please let me know.) Further, I would suggest that it is a problem only if we make a fuss about it.

7. At first, I was not going to count "There!" as a separate "main clause." It, of course, lacks an S/V/C pattern, and would thus be a fragment, but we frequently speak in fragments. In reconsidering, I based my decision on the theory that the exclamation point will result in its being dumped from short-term memory. In Level Five, "There!" will be counted as an interjection.

8. See Note # 7.
 

Progress
Total Words = 305 Words %
L1: In Prep Phrases  99  32
L1: + Adj & Adverbs 52 50
+ L2: S / V / C 121 89
+ L3: Clauses 6 91
Some Basic Statistics on Style
# of Sentences: 33 Words per: 9.2
# of Main Clauses: 40 Words per 7.6
# of Sub Clauses: 9 SC / MC .23

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