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More Level 4 Exercises

The Opening Paragraphs of Chapter One of
Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter
Answer Key for Level 4
     Verbals are in 18-point bold, usually blue, with their functions indicated after them. (I can't easily draw boxes, ovals, and arrows on web documents.)  Other words counted in relation to them (such as conjunctions, complements, etc.) are also in 18-point bold. The font size of words aleady analyzed has been decreased. Words which remain to be analyzed are still in 14-point black

Spaces Missing between Words? (Click here for an explanation.)

 
 
     A throng {of bearded men}, {in sad-coloured garments

and grey steeple-crowned hats}, inter-mixed (Gerundive to 

"men") {with women}, some wearing (Gerundive to "some") 

hoods (DO of "wearing"), and others bareheaded, was 

assembled {in front} {of a wooden edifice}, [the door {of  which}

was heavily timbered {with oak}, and studded {with iron spikes}.] / 

     The founders {of a new colony}, [whatever Utopia {of human 

virtue and happiness} they might originally project,] have invariably

recognised it {among their earliest practical necessities} to allot 

(InfNote #1) a portion  (DO of "to allot") {of the virgin soil} {as a 

cemetery}, and another portion  (DO of "to allot") {as the site} 

{of a prison}. {In accordance} {with this rule} it may safely be 

assumed [that the forefathers {of Boston} had built the first 

prison-house somewhere {in the Vicinity} {of Cornhill}, almost as 

seasonably [as they marked out the first burial-ground, {on Isaac 

Johnson's lot}, and {round about his grave}, [which subsequently  

became the nucleus {of all the congregated sepulchres} {in the old 

churchyard} {of King's Chapel}.]]] / Certain it is [that, some fifteen 

or twenty years {after the settlement} {of  the town}, the wooden

jail was already marked {with weather-stains and other indications} 

{of age}, [which gave a yet darker aspect {to its beetle-browed

and gloomy front}.]] /  The rust{on the ponderous iron-work} {of 

its oaken door} looked more antique {than anything else} 

{in the New World}. / {Like all} [that pertains {to crime},] it

seemed never to have known a youthful era.{Before this ugly 

edifice}, and {between it and the wheel-track} {of the street}, was a

grass-plot, much overgrown (Gerundive to "grass-plot") {with 

burdock, pig-weed, apple-pern, and such unsightly vegetation}, 

[which evidently found something congenial {in the soil} [that had 

so early borne the black flower {of civilisedNote PPG society}, a 

prison.]] / But {on one side} {of the portal}, and rooted 

(Gerundive - PA to "rose-hush"Note #2) almost {at the threshold}, was

a wild rose-hush, covered (Gerundive to "rose-hush"), {in this 

month} {of June}, {with its delicate gems}, [which might be imagined 

to offer (InfNote #3) their fragrance  (DO of "to offer") and 

fragile beauty (DO of "to offer") {to the prisoner} [as he went in,

and {to the condemnedNote PPG criminal}[as he came forth {to his 

doom},] {in token} [that the deep heart {of Nature} could pity and

be kind {to him}.]] / 
 

Project Gutenberg
scarlt12.zip

Notes

1. You should have recognized "to allot" as an infinitive, but have been troubled by its function -- which will be explored in Level Five.

2. The "and" joins "on one side..." and "rooted." Hmmm. In a sense, the two can be considered as equals -- as modifiers of "rose-hush," which is on the other side of the verb. That is the reasoning which led me to consider them both as predicate adjectives -- and thus "rooted" as a gerundive. You could  consider "rooted" as part of the finite verb, "was rooted," but then what do you do with "and"? Another question for the grammarians, but don't get lost in it.

3. You probably labeled "to offer" as the DO of "might be imagined." Consider that correct for now, but, as we will see in Level Five, there is more involved.
 

Progress
Total Words = 345 Words %
L1: In Prep Phrases  185  54
L1: + Adj & Adverbs 53 69
+ L2: S / V / C 75 91
+ L3: Clauses 6 92
+ L4: Verbals 15 97

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